Method and apparatus for forming and filling cartons



Oct. 17, 1939. F, D, PALMER 2,176,147

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND FlLLING CARTONS Oct. 17, 1939. F. D. PALMER 2,176,147

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND FILLING- CARTONS Filed Oct. 4, 1957 15 Sheets-Sheet 2 F. D. PALMER Oct. 17, 1939.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND FLLLING CARTONS Filed Oct. 4, 1937 13 Sheets-Sheet 3 l/VVVVVVVVVV Oct. 17, 1939.`

F. D. PALMER 2,176,147

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND FlLLING CARTONS Filed oct. 4, 1957 13 Sheets-Sheet 4 Jaz/n? e Oct. 17, 195s.

Filed Oct. 4, 193'! 13 Sheets-Shee'fI 5 MMM? Oct. 17, 1939. F. D. PALMER IETHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND FILLING CARTONS Filed oct. 4, 1937 v 13 sheets-sheet 6` Oct. 17, 1939. F, D, PALMER 2,176,147

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND FiLLING CARTONS Filed Oct. 4, 1937 l5 Sheets-Sheet 7 J5 l 2 2Q El 7g 8 266 2:96 l 160 Q6 30g :me l@ mm2@ 56 5gg 232 2 17C? 4l-.2

152 E G .2M .7 Q 222 5 5 171i 25E Z 176 255 .756 52 60 gc? 190 15J Q '06y -260 230 1342 795 F. D. PALMER Oct. 17, 1939.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND FILLING CARTONS Filed Oct. 4, 1937 13- Sheets-Sheet 8 @QN www @QN @N NNW N@ Qq @CL I7, 1939. F, D, PALMER 2,176,147

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND FlLLING CARTONS Filed OCb. 4, 1937 l5 Sheets-Sheet 9 I7@ 2.9@ 25E v 52 257165" M@ @A722 ay/@ Oct. l?, 1939. F, D, PALMER 2,176,147

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND FLLLING CARTONS Filed Oct. 4, 1957 l5 Shees--Sheetl 10 fr l. 3Q. 262 332 @2 /Zi '335 i y O6 a@ Z423 15@ 336 'flll//llllI/l A la@ Oct. 17, 1939. F. D. PALMER METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND FlLLING CARTONS Filed oct. 4, 1957 15 sheets-sheer 11 Fbf D. PALMER Oct. 17, 1939.

Filed 001'.. 4, 1937 v 15 Sheets-Sheet 12 5 8 @23g a 25 12 2 l 5 E 2 ,2,2\! o /w/z 56 27. EW LL- 1 t 3 I 5 a o? 9 w im y f -Mwl T0 @fi 2Q if A 20 2y. ii 2 .r` 3

F. D. PALMER Oct. 17, 1939.

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING AND FlLLING CARTONS Filed oct. 4, 1937 13 sheets-sheet 15 Patented Oct. 17, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR. FORMING AND FILLING CARTONS Application October 4, 1937, Serial No. 167,153

35 Claims.

My invention contemplates and provides a novel and advantageous machine and method for forming and filling cardboard cartons of the type used for packaging soap granules, salt,

cereals, or similar products.

In the past it has been customary for the packager to receive cartons in the form of a tube with the side seam already glued, and the tube folded at. These tubes are then opened and the lower flaps folded across the bottomI and glued together. The carton is then filled and the top flaps folded into place and sealed. After the top flaps are sealed, the carton usually is passed between two conveyor belts which hold l" the flaps in place while the glue sets.

The above operations, as ordinarily performed, necessitate the installation of several machines which occupy considerable floor space and are expensive in operation.

It isla salient object of the present invention to provide a novel method and machine in which iiat cardboard blanks are automatically folded into tubes, the side seam glued, the bottom flaps folded and glued into place, the carton filled, the

23 top flaps folded and secured in place, and the manufactured and filled carton retained under pressure until the glue sets, the finished carton ready for shipment then being ejected from the machine. f

Another important object of the invention is to provide a novel, comparatively small and simple machine that manufactures, fills, seals, and sets the glue of cardboard cartons.

Another object is to provide a novel method and machine for forming less costly cartons having better glued joints and squarer corners than are produced by machines customarily used.

Another object is to provide a novel machine that manufactures, fills and seals cartons by continuous movement rather than by intermittent movement past a series of operating stations. 1

Another object is'to provide a novel carton manufacturing, filling, and sealing machine that 43 is fully automatic in operation.

Another object is to provide a novel carton machine having a hollow mandrel which serves as an internal forming member for the carton, a spout through which the carton is filled, and a ram for forcing the completed carton from the form.

These and other objects and advantages will become apparent during the course of the following description.

' In the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, and in which like numerals are employed to designate like parts throughout the same:

Fig. 1 is a vertical medial sectional view of a machine embodying the present invention, taken 5 in the direction of the arrows alongv the line 1 0f Fig. 2;

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view of the machine, taken in the direction of the arrows along the line 2 2 of Fig. l; 10

Fig. 3 is a vertical sectional view of the lower front portion of the machine, showing a conveyor to receive the completed cartons;

Fig. 4 is a horizontal transverse section, taken along the line 4 4 of Fig. 3; 35

Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view, taken in the same plane as Fig. 3, showing the upper front portion of the machine;

Figs. 6, '7, 8 and 9 are transverse sectional views, taken in the direction of the arrows along 2o the lines 6 6, 1 1, 8 8, and 9 9, respectively, 0f Fig. 5;

Fig. 10 is a diagrammatic developed View of the machine showing the mandrels and stacks and their actuating cams; 25

Figs. 11 to 1'7 are perspective views illustrating progressively the manner in which a carton is formed in accordance with my invention, Fig.

11 illustrating a carton blank, and Fig. 17 illustrating a completed and sealed carton; 30 Fig. 18 is a perspective view of one of the'` carton folding heads, taken from near the center of the machine; f

Fig. 19 is a back elevation of a fraction of one of the folding heads, illustrating in detail 35 the latch and latch releasing mechanism;

Fig. 20 is a left side elevation of a fraction of one of the heads, illustrating in detail the latch and latch releasing mechanism;

Fig. 21 is a right side elevation of one of the 40 heads shown in opened position;

Fig. 22 is a transverse sectional view of a head and mandrel, taken in the direction of the arrows along the line 22-22 of Fig. 21;

Fig. 22a, is a fractional sectional view, similar 45 to Fig. 22, excepting that here the head and mandrel are shown separated;

Fig. 23 is a plan view of a fraction of o ne of the heads illustrating the head mounting arm;

Figs. 24 to 33 are simplified sectional views 50 illustrating progressively the movements of one of the heads during a carton forming and closing operation. Figs. 24 to 27 are transverse sectional views of the head looking downwardly,

y Fig. 28 is a vertical sectional view looking from 55 inside the machine, Fig. 31 is a front elevation of the head, partly in section, while Figs. 29, 30, 32 and 33 are vertical sectional views looking in the direction of travel of the head;

Figs. 34 to 36 are detail views of a score and corner of cartons as ordinarily manufactured; and

Figs. 37 and 38 are detail views of a score and corner of an alternative form of carton that may be made by a machine embodying the present invention.

In general, the machine is cylindrical and is provided with four legs 60 which support the structure. Near the bottom of the machine the legs 50 are bolted to the rim of a wheel-like casting 52. The central portion, or hub, of the wheel 62 is counterbored from the top at 53 to receive the lower end of a stationary shaft 56, which is secured rigidly in place by means of set screws 58. The shaft 56 extends substantially to the top of the machine and serves to support several of the machines elements, as will appear shortly.

The upper' ends of the legs 50, which extend slightly more than half the height of the machine, are bolted or otherwise suitably secured to an angle iron ring 60, the upper surface of which supports a circular table 62, and is bolted or welded thereto,

A tube 64 surrounds the shaft 56 for about three-fourths of its length and is freely rotatable thereon. The lower end of this tube 64 carries a collar 66 which is journaled on the shaft 56 and also rests upon a ball thrust bearing 68, while the other face of the thrust bearing 68 rests against the hub of the wheel 52. The upper end of the tube 84 is journaled on the shaft 56 by means of a bushing 10, while added rigidity is given to the tube 64 by a third bearing 12, which is secured to the lower surface of the table 62 by means of cap screws 14.

An electric motor 16, mounted on the table 62, drives a vertical shaft 18 through conventional worm reduction gearing 80, the shaft 18 being journaled in a bearing block 82 secured to the table 62 by means of screws 84. A pinion- 86 secured to the lower end of the shaft 18 drives a large gear 88 which is mounted upon the tube 64 in a position just above the table 62. Thus, when the motor 16 is energized, the tube 64 will be revolved in a counter-clockwise direction when observed from the top.

The upper portion of the tube 64 has secured thereto a wheel 90 which supports and drives a disc 92. 'I'his disc 92 is slightly smaller in diameter than the diameter of the machine and carries on its lower side near its periphery a ring 94 riveted or otherwise secured thereto. Although both the ring 94 and wheel 90 are rigidly attached to the disc 92, they are separated somewhat therefrom by bushings 96 and 98, respectively. This rivets which secure the disc 92 to the wheel 90 and ring 94 pass through the above bushings 96 and 98 and are not shown in the drawings.

The portion of the shaft 56 which extends above the tube 64 carries two rigidly attached wheels |00 and |02 which support a steel drum |04, the exterior surface of which carries a cam track which will be described presently.

A plurality, in this instance six, flat plates |06 are equally spaced around the disc 92 and extend from near the center thereof to the periphery. Only one of these plates and the parts armies associated therewith will be described, since all are alike.

A rectangular block |08 is secured to the end of the plate |06 and serves as a bracket to support a vertical slide guiding plate H0 which extends substantially to the top of the machine. Just inside the plate ||0 a rectangular opening l l2, substantially the size of the inside width and thickness of the carton to be made, extends through the plate |06 and disc 92. The two sides and back of this opening are boxed in at lill to provide a greater bearing area for a slidable hollow chute H6 which extends through the opening H2, and is fitted thereto.

The chute H6 is secured at its top to a U-shaped yoke H8, the arms of which extend forwardly and inwardly and enclose the edges of the guide plate ||0. Consequently, as the chute ||6 moves upwardly and downwardly,

in a manner to be described, its mid section will be supported on all sides by the edges of the rectangular opening ||2 and the box-like section H4, while its top portion will be held in alignment by the yoke ||8 and slide guiding member |20.

The central portion of the yoke ||8 is provided with an outwardly projecting roller |22 secured to the yoke ||8 by a stud |24 and nut |26. The roller |22 is adjacent the drum |04 a'nd rides on a cam track |28 secured thereto. This track is shown developed in Fig. l0. Thus, as the cam track |28 rises and falls, the cam following roller |22 moves the chute ||6 upwardly and downwardly. The lower portion of the chute I6 comprises a mandrel |30 around which the carton is formed. The front and back faces of this mandrel |30 are cut away at |32, best seen in Fig. 9, so as to prevent the glue on the carton blank from sticking to the sides of 'the mandrel and to ease the withdrawal of the mandrel 30 from the carton after a forming operation. This is advisable, since otherwise the withdrawal of the mandrel might pull the carton from a forming head within which the carton is folded.

The above mentioned folding head is designated generally by the numeral |34, and serves to fold the flat carton blank around the mandrel |30 as the heads |34 and mandrels |30 move around the machine.

The head |34 is secured to the outward end of a horizontal arm |36 which extends toward the center of the machine, and is pivotally secured at its inner end to the disc 92 by means of a bolt |38. Just inside the point of attachment of the head |34 to the arm |36, a shallow U-shaped supporting member |40 is secured to the lower surface of the disc 92 by bolts |42, and supports the outward end of the arm |36 against down- Ward fiexure, while also allowing a definite amount of lateral movement between a stop |44 and the mandrel |30. A coil spring |46, best seen in Fig. 23, is connected between the arm |36 and the disc 92 and urges the arm |36 in a clockwise direction against the mandrel |30.

The lower surface of the arm |36 has attached thereto, at its end, a triangular bracket block |48. 'I'his block |48 supports a vertical plate |50 on the receding side of the arm |36 perpendicularly to the`direction of travel of the arm as it moves around the machine. The lower portion |52 of the plate |50 is slightly offset away from the face |54 of the block |48 and is brought into abutting relation with the mandrel |30, against which it is resiliently urged by the before mentioned spring |46. This lower portion |52 is as high and as wide as the height and width of the side walls of the carton which the head is to form.

The inward edge of the lowerportion |52 of the plate is hingedat |55 to the edge of a second forming plate |56 which is as high as the portion |52 and slightly wider than the front or back of the carton. Another forming member |58, similar to the plate |56, is hinged at free edge of the plate |60, the four plates enclose the four vertical faces of the mandrel |30.

Coil springs |62, |63 and |64 are positioned around the hinge pins at |55, |59 and |6|, respectively, and resiliently urge the plates or doors |56, |58 and |60 into planes parallel to the piane of the plate |52. When in this opened position, the doors |56 and |58 are restrained against further movement by L-shaped stops |65 and |66 which are attached to, or may be cast integrally with, the plate |52. For a similar purpose, the hinged side of the door is provided with an outwardly projecting lug |68 which engages a block |10 on the door |58, and limits the springv driven movement of the door |60.

When the head |34 is in closed position, a snap latch |22, pivoted on a machine screw |14 secured in the face of the door |56, catches a lug |16 projecting horizontally from the free vertical edge of the door |60. This latch |12 is resiliently urged downwardly into latching position by a light coil spring |'|8, connected between the latch |72 and a pin or screw |80 secured in the face of the door |56. A latch releasing nger |8| projects downwardly at an angle from the latch |`|2 and automatically releases this latch at one point in the carton making cycle in a manner to be described subsequently.

In connection with the following description of the several camming members forming a part of the folding head |34, it should be remembered that throughout the carton forming cycle, the head moves around the machine in a counterclockwise direction past several stationary cam plates. The several folding operations are brought about by the coaction between these cam plates and the camming members on the head as the head moves past these plates.

The back of the vertical plate |52 carries a block |82 which may be formed integrally therewith. Four L-shaped arms |84, |86, |88 and |90 are hinged to the sides of this block |82 by means of pins or small rods |9| which extend into the block |82. The outward bent ends of these arms |84, |86, |88 and |90 extend toward the cartonforming face of the plate |52, so that when rocked inwardly on the hinge pins |9I, the ends of the arms |84 and |86 project past the top of the plate |52, while the arms |88 and |90 project past the bottom of this plate.

A leaf spring |92, positioned between the plate |52 and strips |93 and |94, which connect the arms |84 and |86 and 88 and |90, respectively, resiliently urges these arms outwardly. In the outward position the free ends of these arms are withdrawn from the plane of the carton forming surface of the plate |52. The arms |88 and |90, which project below the lower end of the plate |62, may have a strip |95 between their free ends to give greater rigidity and better Wearing properties to these members. The upper arms |84 and |86 may be similarly provided with a connecting plate |96 providing the supporting plate |50 is offset sufficiently to allow complete retraction of the arms |84 and 86 from the carton forming surface of the plate |52.

The block |82 is provided with two round holes extending horizontally therethrough in which are journaled two shafts |98 and 200. The outward ends of these shafts, |98 and 200 are bent at right angles into alignment with each other with their respective ends pointing in opposite directions. These outward ends are slotted at 202 and 204 in the direction of travel of the head |34 and have rollers 206 and 208, respectively, positioned inthese slots. ers 206 and 208 are rotatively mounted on pins 2|0 and 2|2 driven crosswise through the shafts |98 and 200. j

The top shaft |98 is provided with two rollers 2|4 and 2|6 which are oiset somewhat from the axis, thereof in the same direction as the bend in the outward end of this shaft |98. These rollers 2|4 and 2| 6 rest against the arms |84 and |86, respectively, and urge the free ends of these arms inwardly past the top of the plate |52 when the roller 206 is retarded by a stationary cam during the progress of the head |34 around the machine.

'I'he bottom shaft 200 is provided with similar rollers 2|8 and 220 to urge the arms |88 and |90 inwardly in the same manner as the arms |84 and |86 are urged inwardly by the rollers 2|4 and 2| 6.

The plate |60 is provided with a block 222, similar to the block |82, which also has attached thereto arms 224, 226, 228 and 230 similar to the arms |84, |86, |88 and |90. 'I'he block 222 has journaled therein two bent shafts 232 and 234 carrying rollers 236 and 238, similar to shafts |98 and 200 and rollers 206 and 208, excepting that these shafts 232 and 234 are somewhat shorter than the previously described shafts. These shafts 232 and 234 also carry rollers 240, 242, 244 and 246 for a purpose similar to that provided by the wheels 2|4, 2|6, 2|8 and 220. These rollers, however, project from their respective shafts 232 and 234 toward each other rather than `in the opposite direction as do the rollers 2|4, 2|6, 2|8 and 220. The reason for this is that although both sets of rollers 206 and 208, and 236 and 238 are deflected in a rearward direction by a stationary cam during the progress of the head |34 around the machine, yet the two sets of folding arms actuated by these two sets of rollers must be deflected in opposite dlrections toward each other. In their usual position, the arms 224, 226, 228 and 230 are urged outwardly by a flat spring 248 similar to the spring |92.

The spring urged retracting movement of the shafts |98, 200, 2132 and 234 is limited by stop plates 249, which are secured to the top of the blocks |82 and 222. The offset arms, which mount the rollers 2| 4, 2| 8, 242 and 246, impinge against these stop plates 249 when the shafts |98, 200, 232 and 234 are in their retracted position.

Two horizontal bars 250 and 252 are hinged at one end near the hinged edge of the door |56 and are connected by a plate 254, provided with a cut-out portion 256 to clear the latch |12. These bars 250 and 252 are urged outwardly by a leaf spring 251 positioned between the connecting plate 254 and the door |56. 'I'he free 'Ihese rollends of these bars 258 and 252 are hooked outwardly at an angle at 258 and 268, while the inward surfaces near the free ends of these bars are connected to an angle strip 262 which extends toward the free edge of the door |56. Thus, when the bars 258 and 252 are pushed inwardly against the pressure of the spring 251, the edge of the angle piece 262 will project past the carton forming surface of the door |56.

Each of the doors |56 and |58 is provided at its top and bottom with a small hinged flap 264, 266, 266 and 218. These flaps are slightly less in height and width than the thickness and width, respectively, of the carton to be manufactured, so that whenever any one of these aps is bent over at right angles, it will nearly cover one end of the rectangular opening formed when the head |34 is in closed position.

Outside each of the flaps 264, 266, 268 and 218 is hinged a second heavier flap 212, 214, 216 and 218, respectively. These flaps 212, 214, 216 and 218 are resiliently urged into vertical positions by coil springs 288, 282, 284 and 286, respectively. Each of these outside flaps 212, 214, 216 and 218 carries a cam 288, 288, 292 and 294, respectively, the camming surface of which spirals around the axis of rotation of the iiap, so that when the head |34 passes a stationary roller that engages these cams, the pressure of the roller on the cams will cause the aps to be folded over into a horizontal position against the torsional stress of the springs 280, 282, 284 and 286. The inner flaps 264, 266, 268 and 218 are loosely attached to the outer flaps 212, 214, 216 and 218 by means of rivets 296 secured to the inner flaps and sliding in vertical slots 298 in the outer plates. Thus, as the outer aps are actuated by the cams 288, 298, 292 and 294, the inner flaps are forced to move a substantially equal amount.

The outer ap 216 is provided with a roller 388, rotatively secured thereto by a bracket 302. This roller 388 projects perpendicular to the bottom surface of the flap 216, and is in the plane of travel of the head |34. The purpose of this roller 388 will appear subsequently in this specification.

Each of the doors |56 and |58 carries two outwardly projecting rollers 384 and 386, and 386 and 3|8, respectively. These rollers 384, 386, 388 and 3|8 are mounted on vertical axes, and at one point in the travel of the head |34 around the machine they coact with camming bars. soon to be described, and force the doors |56 and |58 into a parallel position.

Although the machine is cylindrical in shape, for clearness of understanding in the description of the movement of the head, the bottom of Fig. 2 will be taken as the front of the machine. In Fig. 10 the letter F designates the front.

As the head |34 aend mandrel |38 move together from the front of the machine toward the right, the head |34 is open as shown in Fig. 22. At this point a feeder, not shown or described, since it forms no part of this invention, pushes the head |34 away from the mandrel |38, against the tension of the spring |46, as shown in Fig. 22a. 'I'he feeder then introduces a scored carton blank properly coated with adhesive, as shown in Fig. 11, between the mandrel |38 and head |34, and allows the spring |46 to draw the mandrel |38 and head |34 together, as shown in Fig. 22.

Thus, the blank is clamped with its face 3|2 between the mandrel and head with a bottom score line 3I4 slightly below the lower end of the mandrel 38, Fig. 11.

As the head |34 and mandrel |38 move to a point approximately one-fifth the distance around the machine from the front, the head |34 comes into contact with two sets of cam plates, 3|6 on the inside and 3|8 on the outside. 'I'he set of cam plates-3|6 consists of two separate and similar plates 328 and 322 which are supported upon pillars 324. These plates 328 and 322 are separated from each other and from the table 62 by distances equal to the distance separating the rollers 388 and 3|8 from each other and from the table 62. The other set of cam plates 3|8 is similarly composed of two separate plates 326 and 328 supported on pillars 338 and spaced in a manner substantially the same as the plates 328 and 322.

The curvature of the contiguous surfaces of the two sets 3|6 and 3|8 is such that with the rollers 384, 386, 388 and 3|8 in contact with the plates 320, 322, 326 and 328, the doors |56 and |58 will be forced into a parallel position.

The noses at 332 and 334 of the cam sets 3|6 and 3|8, respectively, are rounded off away from each other, so as to make the entrance of the head |34 into the space between these cams smoother and, therefore, quiter and less strenuous on the machine.

As the head |34 moves into position at the entrance between the cams 3|6 and 3|8, the doors |56 and |58 bump the noses of these cams and are swung toward a parallel position. In this position the rollers 388 and 3|0 are guided on the plates 326 and 328, respectively, while the arms 258 and 252 impinge on two rollers 336 which are mounted respectively on the lower surface of plate 328 and upper surface of plate 322. These rollers 336 may be secured to the cam plates 328 and 322 by means of bolts 338 and short offsetting arms 348, which enable adjustment of these rollers 336 with respect to the edge of the plates 328 and 322. The head |34 is shown in this position in Fig. 24.

Fig. 25 shows the head |34 slightly advanced from the position shown in Fig. 24. Here the two side doors |56 and |58 have been folded parallel and against the sides of the mandrel |38. In this position the rollers 384 and 386 have come into contact with the cam tracks 328 and 322 and the bars 258 and 252 have moved farther along the rollers 336. Also note that in this position a lip 342, which curves outwardly from the stop |68 on the door |68, rides against an L-shaped block 344 secured to the forward pillar 338, and pushed the door |68 partially closed. In this position the carton appears as illustrated in Fig. 12 excepting that the end flap is partially folded.

In Fig. 26 after a slightly further advance of the head |34, the outwardly hooked ends 258 and 268 of the bars 258 and 252 ride past the rollers 336. This pushes these bars 258 and 252 inwardly and causes the strip 262 to fold the narrow vertical carton flap across the edge of the mandrel |38.

In Fig. 27 the ends of the bars 258 and 252 have passed the rollers 336, thereby allowing these bars and their attached strip 262 to spring outwardly and permit a roller 346 carried by an arm 348, adjustably mounted in a post 358, to impinge against the lip 342 and push the door |68 closed. In the closed position the door |68 is secured by the snap latch |12, as previously described. Thus, the four large walls of the carton z5 are folded and the side seam glued. The carton now appears as in Fig. 13.

As the head |34 moves slightly farther along its path, two raised portions 341 and 349 on the upper surface of the cam plate 328 impinge against and raise the rollers 208 and 238, respectively, thus causing the L-shaped arms |88, |90, 228 and 230 to move inwardly in a manner previously described. This inward movement of these arms |88, |90, 228 and 230 tucks the two bottom edge carton flaps across the end of the mandrel |30, as shown in Figs. 14 and 28. As the head |34 advances slightly, the rollers 208 and 238 drop off the cam blocks 341 and 349 and allow the arms |88, |90, 228 and 230 to spring back into their retracted position, as shown by the broken line in Fig. 28. The carton now appears as in Fig. 14.

An additional movement of the head |34 brings it into the position shown in Fig. 29. Here a roller 350, which projects downwardly at approximately 45 degrees from a block 352, is adjustably secured to the lower surface of the same plate 322, by means of bolts 354. 'Ihis roller 350 engages the cam 294 and as the head passes, the cam 294 is revolved, thereby moving the plates 218 and 210 into a substantially horizontal position, thus folding the back bottom carton flap'into position, as shown in Fig. 15.

After the cam 294 passes the roller 350, the cam 294 and flaps 218 and 210 are returned to their retracted position. At this point the cam 292 engages a roller 356 which is mounted on the cam plate 328 in a manner similar to the mounting of the roller 350k on the `cam plate 322. Thus, the cam 292 and flaps 216 and 268 are revolved, and the last remaining bottom carton flap folded into position. Just before the cam 292 drops off the roller 356, the roller 300 runs on to a track 358 which extends from this point on, approximately half way around the machine. This track 358 is'- supported at intervals on brackets 360 which are bolted to the table 62. The top of the track 358 is at such a height that the roller 300 running thereon, keeps the flaps 216 and 268 in a horizontal position, thereby holding the last folded bottom flap in position and supporting the bottom of the carton.

After the roller 300 engages the track 358, the material to be packaged, such for instance as granulated sugar, is introduced in a measured amount into the top of the hollow chute I6. 'I'he device that measures out the proper amount of material and dumps it into ea'ch successive chute as it reaches the proper point is not here shown or described, since it forms no part of this invention.

The sugar, or other material, lls the hollow mandrel |30 and a portion of the chute ||6. At this point the cam following roller |22, attached to the yoke I8, starts up an inclined portion 362 of the cam track |28, Fig. 10, thus causing the chute ||6 and mandrel |30 to move upwardly and be partially withdrawn from the carton. After a short rise, a dipped portion 364 of the track |28 causes the chute and mandrel to move downwardly slightly and thus settle or pack the material in the carton. A second short cam track 366 parallels the main track |28 at this dipped point and thereby exerts positive downward pressure on the chute ||6 and mandrel |30 if the weight of the mandrel and chute should be insuflicient to produce the desired packing.

This upward and downward movement is repeated by the chute ||6 and mandrel |30 until the roller |22 reaches a high level portion 388 of the track |28. At this point the material has been completely deposited within the carton, and the bottom of the mandrel |30 is slightly above the tops of the flaps 212 and 214.

The head |34 now having reached a position approximately two-thirds of the distance around the machine, it passes between two horizontal plates310 and 312, which are supported on pillars 314 in a manner similar to that in which cam groups 3|6 and 3|8 are supported. These plates y310 and 312 support cammlng members to be described, but `do not necessarily touch the rollers 304 and 308 on the doors |56 and |58, respective- 1y.

Two cams 314 and 316, similar to the cams 341 and 349, are attached to the lower surface of the outside plate 310. These cams depress the rollers 206 and 236, respectively, and cause the inner top flaps of the carton to be folded inwardly in the same manner as cams 346 and 348 cause the iolding of the bottom inner ilaps, Figs. 3l and 16.

As the head |34 advances slightly farther, a roller 318, supported in a block 380, similar to the block 352, and secured to the upper surface of the inner plate 312, engages the cam 290. This roller 318 causes a rotation of the cam 290 and a consequent folding of one of the carton top aps in the same manner that the roller 350 and cam 294 fold the bottom flap. See Figs. 32 and 16.

On the outside plate 310, another similar rolle'r 382, acting in a similar manner on the cam 288, closes the last remaining carton ap after a slightly further advance of the head |34.

As the cam 288 passes the roller 382, the aps 212 and 264 return to their retracted position, while the roller 300, at approximately the same time, runs off the end of the track 358, thereby allowing the flaps 216 and 268 to spring outwardly. Simultaneously the head |34 and chute ||6 have reached such a point that the roller |22 starts down a dip 384 in the cam track |28. This dipped portion 384 is paralleled by another cam strip 386 which acts in the same manner as the strip 366. As the chute ||6 is caused to move downwardly by the coaction of the above-mentioned roller |22 and cam tracks 384 and 386, the bottom of the mandrel |30 engages the top of the finished carton and urges it downwardly. Thus, when the roller |22 has reached the bottom 388 of the tracks 384 an'd 386, the carton will have been ejected, from the bottom of the head |34, througha slot 390 in the table 62.

In order to insure ejection of the carton, the bottom 388 of the dipper portion 384 of the track |28 is somewhat below the long horizontal portion'. Therefore, the track |28 is provided with a sharp rise 392 to bring the mandrel |30 back to this carton forming position.

Just after the head 34 has passed the sharp rise 392 in the track |28, it moves abreast of an outwardly projecting horizontal rod 394, Figs. 19 and 20, carrying a small roller 396 at its outward end. This rod 394 is secured ln a post 398 which is attached to the table 62. As the head |34 moves past the rod 394, the roller 396 engages and raises the latch release |8|, thus lifting the latch |12 and allowing the doors |56, |58 and |60 to spring outwardly as previously described. At this point the head |34 has reached the front of the machine and is ready for another cycle, beginning with the feeding of another carton blank.

Below the table 62 a tube 400 surrounds the drive tube 84 and is secured thereto by a plurality of set screws 402. Upper and lower horizontal angle iron rings, 404 and 406, respectively, are attached to this tube 400 by means of triangular gusset plates 408, welded to discs 4| 0 and 4|2 which in turn are welded to the rings 404 and 406, respectively. Therefore, as the tube 64 revolves, it carries with it the angle iron rings 404 and 406, which revolve at the same speed as the heads |34 and mandrels |30.

Below the table 62 and directly beneath the mandrel 30 is a rectangular carton receiving sleeve 4|4 which has inside dimensions substantially equal to the width and thickness of the carton, thereby providing a close fit between the two. This sleeve 4|4 is slidable vertically and is secured near its top to the outside of the ring 404 by means of a yoke 4|6 which may be welded, bolted, or otherwise suitably secured to the ring 404. The lower ring 406 also carries a yoke 4|8 which surrounds the sleeve 4|4 with a sliding fit. Thus, as the rings 404 and 406 revolve, the sleeve 4|4 is carried along, but has freedom of motion relative thereto in a vertical direction. The downward movement of the sleeve 4|4 is limited by a lug 420 which is attached to the sleeve 4|4, and rests upon the top edge of the yoke 4|8 when the sleeve 4|4 is in its iownward position.

The outward face of the sleeve 4|4 is provided with a roller 422 which rides upon a cam track 424 which is attached to the inside face of the legs 50 of the machine by screws 426 and spacing washers 428. The configuration of this cam 424 is shown developed in Fig. 10. It will be noticed that as the sleeve 4|4 and mandrel |30 approach the front of the machine, and as the mandrel |30 moves downwardly to eject the carton as previously described, an upward inclination 430 of the cam track 424 causes the sleeve 4|4 to move upwardly through the slot 390 in the table 62. As will be seen in Fig. 10, the sleeve 4|4 reaches its highest point at substantially the same time the mandrel |30 reaches its lowest level, and that in arriving at this point, the carton has been transferred to the sleeve 4|4, with the top of the carton substantially flush with the top end of the sleeve 4|4. As the sleeve 4|4 moves on from the carton transferring position, a descending portion 432 of the track 424 brings the sleeve 4|4 back to its retracted position, with the stop 420 against the yoke 4|8. At this descending portion 432 the upper surface of the cam 424 is paralleled by a second short cam 434 which insures the positive downward motion of the sleeve 4|4.

Each of the sleeves 4|4 is of such length that it can contain five cartons, with the top of one carton substantially flush with the top of the sleeve 4|4, while the bottom of the fth carton is substantially iiush with the bottom of the sleeve. Thus, when the sleeve 4|4 rises and receives a newly manufactured carton, the downward movement of the new carton will eject the fifth carton from the bottom of this sleeve. The cartons form a close frictional fit with the stacks, so that the cartons will not fall therefrom until pushed.

A at S-shaped spring 435 is secured at one end to the top surface of the disc 4|0. Its opposite end rests upon the top of the upper carton in the sleeve 4|4' when this sleeve is in its retracted position, and thus holds the top ap of the carton in place, Fig. 1. When the sleeve 4| 4 is pushed upwardly to receive a new carton, this spring 435 is bent backwardly by the movement of the sleeve 4|4, and is thus out of the way of the new carton, as shown in Fig. 3.

As shown in Fig. 3, these completed cartons may be ejected upon an endless belt conveyor 436, of well known design, which removes the cartons from the vicinity of the machine.

To give the machine a more finished appearance and to exclude dust, the top portion above the table 62 is preferably enclosed by a cover 438, the top of which may rest upon the upper edge of the stationary drum |04. The front portion of this cover 438 should have an opening to accommodate thedoors |58 and |60 which in this position are opened to receive a carton blank, while the top of the cover 438 should be provided with a slot, not shown, through which the material to be packaged may be introduced into the chute IIB.

The lower portion of the machine may have an annular ring 440 which rests upon the base 52, anda drum 442, slightly smaller in diameter than the inside diameter of the ring 440, which ls secured to the angle iron ring 406. The ring 440, drum 442 and disc 4|2 thus cooperate to prevent dust from entering the machine from the floor. Also, the lower portion of the machine may be enclosed by a shell 444, attached to the outward vfaces of the legs 50, excepting for an opening in the front to accommodate the endless belt conveyor 436.

In operation, the carton blanks are printed with glue in-a well known manner and fed between the mandrel |30 and head |34. As the heads |34 travel around the machine, the blanks are folded into cartons and filled with whatever material is to be packaged. The tops of the cartons are then closed and the filled and sealed carton is pushed into the sleeves 4| 4. Since the sleeves 4|4 hold five cartons, it will be seen that each carton is securely held within the sleeve 4|4 for five revolutions, thereby allowing time for the glue to set properly. Therefore, when nally the completed carton is ejected on to the conveyor 436, it is in rugged condition and well able to endure subsequent rough handling, without danger of any of the glued joints separating.

Although the carton making and filling machine herein described is perfectly adapted to use prescored carton blanks of the usual type, the fact that it folds the complete carton from a at blank, instead of starting from a tube as do other machines, enables a modified blank to be utilized. 'I'his modified blank produces a stronger carton having better glue seals between the inner and outer top and bottom flaps than is usual with the machines ordinarily used. Ordinarily the carton blank is scored, as at 445, from the side that is to be on the outside of the nished carton. In Fig. 34 a portion of a carton blank so scored is illustrated. When one of these blanks is folded, as shown in Fig. 35, the depression formed on the outside of the blank is straightened out, as at 44E, while the hump on the inside becomes still more bowed, as lat 448, and of looser texture because of the separation of the laminations within the cardboard. Because of the separation of these laminations the corner is weakened. Thus, when the top inner flaps of a carton using this blank are folded, the folds do not exert any very strong tendency to push these flaps outwardly against the subsequently folded outer flaps and, therefore, the glue bond between the inner and outer flaps is very likely to be defective.

The reason for the use of the above type of scoring is that it allows the tube blank a flat blank that has been folded into a rectangular tube and has had the side seam glued) to be folded flat without bursting the corner, Fig. 36. This 180 degree fold is necessary in order that the tube blanks may be economically shipped to the packager.

The carton blank shown in Fig. 37 is scored at 450 on the surface of the blank that is to become the inside of the carton, and is the type of blank that I prefer to use with the above described machine. When this blank is folded along the score lines 450, the fold appears as in Fig. 38. In this fold the hump on the outside of the carton blank is drawn tightly around the corner, while the edges of the depression 450 on the inside of the blank are forced together, thereby forming shoulders 452 which tightly compress the laminations in the corner and exert a strong tendency to push the flaps away from the degree position. Thus, the inside flaps are pushed against the glue on the outside flaps with much greater force than can be obtained when using a conventionally scored blank. This inside scored blank cannot be used successfully, however, on the usual type of carton machine, since a tube made from this blank cannot be folded nat without bursting the corners, because of the great compression of the laminations at this point.

It should be understood that although my invention has been described in connection with a specific embodiment thereof, I contemplate that departures may be made therefrom without departing from the scope of this invention.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure byUnited States Letters Patent is:

1. In a device of the class described, a hollow mandrel, a folding head associated therewith, said head comprising a plurality of articulated plates, means to fold said head about the sides of said hollow mandrel, and means to move the mandrel axially in and out of the top of said folding head.

2. In a device of the class described, a mandrel, a folding head associated therewith, means to fold said head to form a box around the sides of said mandrel, and means to move said mandrel in and out of said folding head while the head is folded to form a box.

3. In a device of the class described, the combination comprising: a hollow mandrel, a folding head associated therewith, said head and mandrel being in continuous movement; means to operate said head to fold the sides and bottom of a carton from a cardboard blank; means to ll said carton through said hollow mandrel, means to operate said head to close the top of said carton, and means in association with said hollow mandrel to eject the carton from said folding head. f

4. In a device for forming cartons from a fiat blank, the combination comprising: a plurality of sets of -inner and outer forming members, said inner and outer members being separable to receive a flat blank, means for moving said sets continuously, means for operating the outer member to enclose said mandrel and form the blank therearound, and means to fill the carton blank around the inner member, and means to fill said carton before returning the outer forming member to its original position.

6. In a device for forming and filling cartons, the combination comprising: inner and outer forming members, means to introduce a carton blank between said members, means for operating the `outer member to form the blank around the inner member, means to ll the carton through the inner member, and means to operate the outer member to seal the filled carton.

7. In a device for forming and filling cartons, the combination comprising: inner andA outer forming members, means to operate the outer member to form a carton blank around the inner member, means to withdraw the inner member from the outer member, means to operate the outer member to seal said carton, and means to operate the inner member to force the carton from the outer member.

8. In a device for forming and filling cartons, the combination comprising: an inner forming member, an outer forming member contiguous thereto, the inner and outer forming members being separable to receive a at blank therebetween, means for moving said inner and outer forming members continuously, means for operating the outer member to enclose the'inner member and form a carton from said blank, means for filling said carton, means for sealing the top of said carton, and means to eject the formed, filled and sealed carton from the device.

9. In a device for forming and filling cartons, the combination comprising, an inner forming member, means for forming a gluesealed carton around said inner member, means to fill said carton through said inner member, 'means to seal said carton, means to retain said carton under pressure until the glue sets, means to support the outer surfaces of the side walls of the carton while it is being sealed, and means coacting with said inner forming member to eject the completed carton.

10. In a 4device of the class described, the combination comprising: a hollow inner forming member, means to form a glue sealed carton around said inner member, means to retain said carton under pressure until the glue partially sets, and means longitudinally to reciprocate said inner forming member to eject said carton.

11. In a device of the class described, a mandrel, a folding head adapted to fold around said mandrel, means to move said head laterally from said mandrel, and means to reciprocate said mandrel longitudinally in and out of said head.

12. In a device for forming cartons, the combination comprising: a mandrel, a folding head associated therewith and adapted to fold a carton around said mandrel, a tube to receive said carton and retain it under pressure until its adhesive sets, and means to reciprocate said tube.

13. In a device for forming cartons, the combination comprising: a mandrel, a folding head associated therewith and adapted to fold a carton around said mandrel, means to hold said mandrel stationary with respect to said head while said carton is being formed, a sleeve to retain said carton under pressure until its adhesive sets, and means coacting with said mandrel to eject said carton from said folding head and into said sleeve.

14. In a. device for forming cartons the combination comprising: a foldable head, means to fold said head to form a hollow rectangular l parallelepiped, a mandrel, means to hold said 

